SDA 7 Zi Serial Data Analyzers are based on the WavePro 7 Zi Series oscilloscope and are equipped with double the standard memory to capture more unit intervals in the eye diagram. They include an enhanced high-speed serial pattern trigger that operates on up to 80 bit patterns and at speeds up to 2.7 Gb/s. Whether debugging eye pattern failures, or other compliance test failures, the SDA Series has easily accessible tools that rapidly isolate the source of the problem in your design.

- LeCroy's unique summary view displays the Eye Pattern, TIE, Bathtub Curve and Jitter Histogram all on the screen at the same time

- Cable De-Embedding feature permits SDA tools to be used as if the cables were not in the system

- Serial data compliance testing; Ethernet, USB 2.0, HDMI 1.2, PCI Express (2.5 GT/s), Serial ATA (1.5 Gb/s), UWB

Powerful SDA II Analysis Package

Unleash the power of serial data analysis to understand and characterize your design, prove compliance, and determine why a device or host fails compliance.

But how do you determine why a device fails compliance? LeCroy's SDA II serial data debug software is the most powerful and versatile solution for finding the root cause of serial data compliance failures. SDA II provides the confidence you need to ensure proper functionality.

While some solutions simply provide problem notifications, the SDA 7 Zi is the only oscilloscope that helps you identify the problem and and put your project back on schedule.

Versatile SDA II for Compliance and Debug

For compliance testing, LeCroy's QualiPHY compliance test suite provides the best available solutions to automate, configure and document standardized tests. However, when a design fails a compliance test, the engineer needs an advanced set of tools to identify and solve those problems. The LeCroy SDA 7 Zi includes a debugging toolset that provides insight into eye and jitter analysis. Armed with this insight, engineers can confidently drill down and identify the root cause. The Quick View of the SDA shows the Eye Diagram, TIE Track, Bathtub Curve, Jitter histogram, NQ-Scale and Jitter Spectrum. No other analyzer provides simultaneous interaction and real-time changes in all six measurements. LeCroy's X-Stream II Architecture provides fast updates and the fastest eye interpretation. The fastest eye building and the maximum unit intervals per second means the shortest time to reach a solution.

A high-speed serial trigger enables triggering on up to 2.7 GB/s serial patterns of up to 80-bits in length, allowing up to two 8b/10b primitives to be triggered on. Jitter calculations are based on statistics. With the most advanced long memory performance to 256 Mpts/Ch and X-Stream II enabled responsiveness, eye and jitter analysis occurs rapidly.

Automated Compliance Testing

QualiPHY compliance test suite provides easy to use step-by-step instructions for testing compliance on a wide array of serial data standards. Fast automated test operation, illustrated instructions, and connection diagrams simplify the process. Complete test reporting is provided along with a 'stop on fail' feature which begins the debug process.

Whether debugging eye pattern or other compliance test failures, the SDA 7 Zi Series has the accessible tools. Rapidly isolate the source of the problem in your design. Advanced usability like 8b/10b decode, mask violation locator, ISI plot, and equalization are easy to find. Provide cable characteristics and Cable De-embedding automatically adjusts for the cable effects. The result�true rise time and amplitudes in measurements. The SDA uses the same flexible math on math analysis which is valuable when understanding design behavior in the event of a compliance failure.

SDA II � Advanced Tools to Isolate and Analyze

Flow Diagram User Interface

Eye and Jitter Analysis in the SDA 7 Zi begins with a simple, interactive flow diagram user interface intuitively guiding the user through the setup of Eye Measurements, Jitter Measurements, or both at the same time.

Serial Trigger

The SDA 7 Zi Series comes standard with the 80-bit Pattern Trigger installed. The SDA 760Zi and SDA 740Zi include the High-speed Pattern Trigger option (up to 2.7 Gb/s), while the SDA 735Zi and SDA 725Zi pattern triggers up to 1.25 Gb/s. Both pattern triggers provide a recovered clock and data output on the front of the oscilloscope.

8b/10b Decoding

LeCroy's 8b/10b serial decode option with powerful search capability enables captured waveforms to be searched for user-defined sequences of symbols. Multi-lane analysis decodes up to four simultaneously captured lanes.

Equalization

Equalization removes the effects created in systems that utilize equalization. Users can view the eye of a waveform as seen by a receiver that employs equalization.

ISI Plot

The ISI plot displays data dependent jitter contributions to the eye pattern for the second-to-last bit of a bit length, set from 3 to 10. This plot measures data dependent jitter without the need for a repeating bit pattern.

Jitter Spectrum

The jitter spectrum plot allows viewing of any periodic jitter
Peak annotation displays the frequencies directly on the spectrum
The LeCroy spectrum plot allows viewing of DDj removal for maximum understanding

Jitter Trend

Time domain view of jitter shows transient jitter events often missed by viewing can be missed by viewing the histogram alone
The jitter trend clearly shows any non-stationary jitter behavior

Histogram & Bathtub

Display of measured jitter histogram clearly shows any unusual jitter distributions such as bi-modal or non-Gaussian tails. By simply viewing the jitter breakdown (Rj, Dj), the raw data view shows jitter behavior that can be lost
This unprocessed display gives a high degree of confidence in the accuracy of the jitter breakdown and bathtub curve

Eye Patterns Show Mask Violations to the Bit

Eye pattern measurement on up to 8 million consecutive bits ensures that even transient jitter and noise events are captured
Consecutive bit eye pattern analysis allows for the measurement of the wave shapes of individual bits that violate the compliance mask (violation location)
The fastest UI accumulation and very low measurement jitter (typically 1 ps rms)

Cable De-embedding

Even expensive, high-performance cabling can have an adverse effect on measurements and steal margin from a design. Cable losses and slow rise times can lead to intersymbol interference that is induced by the measurement system but is not present in the design. The cable de-embedding feature removes these adverse effects leading to more accurate measurements.

Superior Eye Diagram Analysis

SDA II Advanced Debug for Eye and Jitter Analysis

LeCroy's X-Stream II technology enables unprecedented speed in eye diagram creation. With a 15.3" high definition display and flexible landscape views, the SDA 7 Zi provides more insight into eyes than ever before. New features, such as IsoBER, add insight to the traditionally non-quantitative view of eye openings.

In addition, properly distinguishing between the random and deterministic jitter in a serial data signal is a crucial part of being able to reduce the overall jitter. For example, properly identifying frequencies at which periodic jitter is present is typically a common part of determining that jitter source. The SDA 7 Zi is the only analyzer that fully integrates jitter measurements into the oscilloscope software leading to greater confidence in jitter measurements.

Dual-Eye View Mode

Viewing the Transition and Non-Transition eye diagrams allows for analysis of de-emphasis in serial data waveforms. In addition, Dual-Eye Gated enables the creation of two separate eyes based on a separate signal input (i.e. Read/Write).

Mask Violation Locator

Mask failures are identified by contrasting color spots which appear anywhere the data intersects the mask template. Users can call up the actual stored bit stream waveform at the point in time of the initial failure. The actual bit sequence is also identified, pointing out any ISI problems. Instantly jump to the next violation, or any other within the stored pattern.

IsoBER

Mask testing is not always the best way to determine if the signal is going to meet Bit Error Rate requirements because it lacks quantitative analysis of vertical noise and jitter. LeCroy's unique IsoBER analysis tool provides this quantitative analysis by extrapolating the eye diagram data and displaying the lines of BER directly on the eye. This helps to quickly determine the minimum eye opening and also is instrumental in detecting cross-talk by analyzing the vertical eye closure. These measurements are not possible with standard eye diagram techniques.

More confidence in jitter Breakdown

Simplify Jitter Decomposition

The sources of jitter can be categorized as Deterministic or Random, which is an important distinction in calculating the Total Jitter (TJ) of a signal. There are cases where cross talk, or other types of deterministic jitter, can masquerade as random jitter and cause incorrect calculations.

LeCroy's integrated SDA II jitter analysis offers two decomposition algorithms to account for these situations, giving the user confidence that all jitter components are accurately recognized and processed correctly. The jitter decomposition calculates both methods simultaneously and alerts the user only when there is a deviation between the results, giving assurance that the correct jitter values are displayed.

Intuitive Jitter Breakdown Displays

LeCroy's SDA II Serial Data Analysis provides intuitive graphical views of jitter decomposition to quicken insight to the root cause.

To understand deterministic jitter values and their sources, SDA II provides the following tools:

Periodic Jitter Spectrum identifies the sources contributing the highest values of Pj.
ISI Plot isolates bit patterns that contribute the most Intersymbol Interference (ISI)
DDJ Histogram provides a greater understanding of the distributionof Data Dependent Jitter (DDJ)

Setup Warning Indicators

Green / Yellow / Red setup warning indicators alert the user if there is something that requires their attention. For example, if the user's input signal is a clock and they have not selected clock as their signal type, a yellow indicator will be displayed informing the user that they have an inconsistency in the setup that may require their attention.

SDA 725Zi

Vertical System
Analog Bandwidth @ 50 Ω (-3 dB)		2.5 GHz
Rise Time (typical)		150 ps
Input Channels		4
Bandwidth Limiters		20 MHz, 200 MHz
Input Impedance		50 Ω or 1 MΩ\|\|15pF, 10 MΩ \|\| 11 pF with supplied Probe
Input Coupling		1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND; 50 Ω: DC, GND
Maximum Input Voltage		50 Ω: �5 Vrms
Channel-Channel Isolation ProLink Input		Not Applicable
Channel to Channel Isolation ProBus Input		100:1
Vertical Resolution		8 bits; up to 11 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
Sensitivity		50 Ω: 2 mV�1 V/div, fully variable (2-9.99 mV/div via zoom); 1 MΩ: 2 mV�10 V/div, fully variable
DC Gain Accuracy		�1.5% of full scale
Offset Range		50 Ω:
Offset Accuracy		�(1.5% of full scale + 1.0% of offset value + 1 mV)

Horizontal System
Timebases		Internal timebase common to 4 input channels; an external clock may be applied at the auxiliary input
Time/Division Range		20 ps/div�1000 s/div (RIS mode: 20 ps/div - 10 ns/div; Roll mode: up to 1000 s/div)
Clock Accuracy		< 1 ppm
Jitter Noise Floor		1 ps (typical)
Trigger and Interpolator Jitter		2 psrms (typical)
Sample Rate and Delay Time Accuracy		< 0.06 / SR + (1 ppm * Reading) (rms)
Channel-Channel Deskew Range		�9 x time/div. setting, 100 ms max., each channel
External Timebase Reference (Input)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, applied at the rear input
External Timebase Reference (Output)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, output at the rear
External Sample Clock		0.1 Hz-100 MHz, 50 Ω or 1 MΩ impedance, applied at the auxiliary input

Acquisition System
Single-Shot Sample Rate/Ch		40 GS/s on 2 Ch
Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS)		200 GS/s for repetitive signals (20 ps/div to 10 ns/div)
Maximum Trigger Rate		1,000,000 waveforms/second (in Sequence Mode, up to 4 channels)
Intersegment Time		1 μs
Standard Memory (4 Ch / 2 Ch) (Number of Segments)		20 M / 40 M
S - Memory Option		32 M / 64 M
M - Memory Option		64 M / 128 M
L - Memory Option		128 M / 256 M

Acquisition Processing
Averaging		Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
Enhanced Resolution (ERES)		From 8.5 to 11 bits vertical resolution
Envelope (Extrema)		Envelope, floor, or roof for up to 1 million sweeps
Interpolation		Linear or Sin x/x

Triggering System
Modes		Normal, Auto, Single, and Stop
Sources		Any input channel, Aux, Aux/10, or line; slope and level unique to each source (except line trigger)
Coupling Mode		DC, AC, HFRej, LFRej
Pre-trigger Delay		0�100% of memory size (adjustable in 1% increments of 100 ns)
Post-trigger Delay		0�10,000 divisions in real time mode, limited at slower time/div settings or in roll mode
Hold-off by Time or Events		From 2 ns up to 20 s or from 1 to 99,999,999 events
Internal Trigger Range		�5 div from center
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProBus Inputs		2 div @ < 2.5 GHz
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProLink Inputs		Not Applicable
External Trigger Sensitivity		2 div @ < 1 GHz
External Trigger Input Range		Aux (�0.4 V); Aux/10 (�4 V)
Max. Trigger Frequency, SMART Trigger		2.0 GHz @ = 10 mV/div (minimum signal width setting 300 ps)

Basic Triggers
Edge/ Slope/ Line		Triggers when signal meets slope (positive, negative, or either) and level condition.
TV-Composite Video		Triggers NTSC or PAL with selectable line and field; HDTV (720p, 1080i, 1080p) with selectable frame rate (50 or 60 Hz) and Line; or CUSTOM with selectable Fields (1-8), Lines (up to 2000), Frame Rates (25, 30, 50, or 60 Hz), Interlacing (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1), or Synch Pulse Slope (Positive or Negative).

SMART Triggers
State or Edge Qualified		Triggers on any input source only if a defined state or edge occurred on another input source. Delay between sources is selectable by time or events.
Dropout		Triggers if signal drops out for longer than selected time between 1 ns and 20 s.
Pattern		Logic combination (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) of 5 inputs (4 channels and external trigger input). Each source can be high, low, or don�t care. The High and Low level can be selected independently. Triggers at start or end of the pattern.

SMART Triggers with Exclusion Technology
Glitch		Triggers on positive or negative glitches with widths selectable as low as 500 ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Width (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on positive or negative widths with widths selectable as low as 200ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Interval (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on intervals selectable between 1 ns and 20 s.
Timeout (State/Edge Qualified)		Triggers on any source if a given state (or transition edge) has occurred on another source.
Runt		Trigger on positive or negative runts defined by two voltage limits and two time limits. Select between 1 ns and 20 ns.
Slew Rate		Trigger on edge rates. Select limits for dV, dt, and slope. Select edge limits between 1 ns and 20 ns.
"A" Trigger List		Edge, Window, Width, Glitch, Pattern, Pattern State, State, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, Serial Data (optional I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay)
"B" Trigger List		Edge
Exclusion Triggering		Trigger on intermittent faults by specifying the expected behavior and triggering when that condition is not met
Holdoff Between Sequential Triggers		Arming = Serial & Triggering = Anything, then min. time between events defined by serial pattern length

Cascade (Sequence) Triggering
Capability		Arm on �A� event, then Trigger on �B� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� event, and Trigger on �C� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� then �C� event, and Trigger on �D� event
Types		A or B event: Edge, Glitch, Width, Window, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, or Pattern (analog) C or D event: Edge or Pattern
Holdoff		Delay between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable by time or number of events
Reset		Reset between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable in time

High Speed Serial Protocol Triggering
Data Rates		100 Mb/s - 1.25 Gb/s
Pattern Length		80 bits, NRZ or 8b10b
Clock and Data Outputs		400mVp-p (typical) AC coupled
Clock Recovery Jitter		2 ps rms + 0.3% Unit Interval rms for PRBS data patterns with 50% transition density (Typical)
Clock Recovery Tracking/ Acquisition Range		50 Mb/s - 1.25 Gb/s
Hardware Clock Recovery Loop BW		PLL Loop BW = Fbaud/5500, 100 Mb/s to 1.25 Gb/s (Typical)

Low Speed Serial Protocol Triggering (Optional)
Optionally available		I2C, SPI (SPI, SSPI, SIOP), UART-RS232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay

Color Waveform Display
Type		Color 15.3" flat panel TFT-Active Matrix LCD with high resolution touch screen
Resolution		WXGA; 1280 x 768 pixels
Number of traces		Display a maximum of 8 traces. Simultaneously display channel, zoom, memory and math traces.
Grid Styles		Auto, Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, X-Y, Single+X-Y, Dual+X-Y
Waveform Representation		Sample dots joined, or sample dots only

Internal Waveform Memory
Internal Waveform Memory		4 active waveform memory traces (M1-M4) store 16 bit/point full length waveforms. Waveforms can be stored to any number of files limited only by the data storage media capacity.

WaveStream� Fast Viewing Mode
Intensity		256 Intensity Levels, 1�100% adjustable via front panel control
Number of Channels		up to 4 simultaneously
Max Sampling Rate		40 GS/s (20 GS/s for WavePro 710Zi without WPZi-1GHZ-4X20GS option)
Waveforms		up to 2500 Waveforms/ second

Automatic Setup
Auto Setup		Automatically sets timebase, trigger, and sensitivity to display a wide range of repetitive signals
Find Vertical Scale		Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channel to display a waveform with the maximum dynamic range

Probes
Probes		Qty. (4) �10 Passive Probes
Probe System: ProBus		Probus (and ProLink on 4-6 GHz models). Automatically detects and supports a variety of compatible probes
Scale Factors		Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used
Calibration Output		1kHz square wave, 1Vp-p (typical), output to probe hook

Analog Persistence Display
Analog and Color-Graded Persistence		Variable saturation levels; stores each trace�s persistence data in memory
Trace Selection		Activate persistence on all or any combination of traces
Sweep Display Modes		All accumulated, or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Persistence Types		Select analog, color, or three-dimensional
Persistence Aging		Select from 500 ms to infinity

Setup and Waveform Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status		Store to the internal hard drive or to a USB-connected peripheral device.

High Speed Digitizer Output (Option)
Type		LeCroy LSIB
Transfer Rate		Up to 325 MB/s (Typical)
Output Protocol		PCI Express, Gen 1 (4 lanes utilized for data transfer)
Control Protocol		TCP/IP
Command Set		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set

Processor/CPU
Type		Intel� CoreTM 2 Quad, 2.5 GHz (or better)
Processor Memory		4 GB standard, up to 8 GB optional
Operating System		Microsoft Windows� Vista Business Edition (64-bit) with SP1
Oscilloscope Operating Software		Entire instrument including any installed optional applications packages operates within a single (X-Stream) Windows application
Real Time Clock		Date and time displayed with waveform an in hardcopy files. SNTP support to synchronize to precision internal clocks.

Zoom Expansion Traces
Zoom Expansion Traces		Display up to 4 Zoom and 8 Math/Zoom traces

Interface
Remote Control		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set
GPIB Port (optional)		Supports IEEE � 488.2
LSIB Port (optional)		Supports PCIe Gen1 x4 protocol with LeCroy supplied API
USB Device Port (optional)		Type-B
Ethernet Port		Supports 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interface (RJ45 port)
USB Ports		minimum 6 total (incl. 3 front panel) USB 2.0 ports support Windows compatible devices
External Monitor Port		15-pin D-Type WXGA compatible to support customer-supplied external monitor. DVI connector to support LeCroy Zi-EXTDISP-15 additional touch screen display accessory. Includes support for extended desktop operation with optional LeCroy or other second monitor
Serial Port		2 standard
Peripheral Bus		LeCroy LBUS standard

Auxiliary Input
Signal Types		Select External Trigger
Coupling		50 Ω: DC; 1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND
Max. Input Voltage		50 Ω: 5 Vrms; 1 MΩ: 250 V (Peak AC < 10 kHz + DC)

Auxiliary Output
Signal Types		Select from calibrator, control signals or Off
Calibrator Signal		5 Hz�5 MHz square wave or DC level; 0.0 to 500 mV into 50 Ω (0�1 V into 1 MΩ)
Control Signals		Trigger enabled, trigger out, pass/fail status

General
Auto Calibration		Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.

Power Requirements
Voltage		100�240 VAC �10% at 45-66 Hz; 100-120 VAC �10% at 380-420 Hz; Automatic AC Voltage Selection
Max. Power Consumption		850 W/850 VA

Environmental and Safety
Temperature (Operating)		+5 �C to +40 �C including CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive
Temperature (Non-Operating)		�20 �C to +60 �C
Humidity (Operating)		5% to 80% relative humidity (non-condensing) up to +31 �C.
Humidity (Non-Operating)		5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
Altitude (Operating)		Up to 10,000 ft. (3048 m) at or below +25 �C
Altitude (Non-Operating)		Up to 40,000 ft. (12,192 m)
Random Vibration (Operating)		0.5 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Random Vibration (Non-Operating)		2.0 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Functional Shock		20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of three orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total

Physical Dimensions
Dimensions (HWD)		14"H x 18.4"W x 11.4"D (355 x 467 x 289 mm)
Weight		39.5 lbs. (18 kg)
Shipping Weight		28.2 kg; 62 lbs.

Certifications
Certifications		CE Compliant, UL and cUL listed; conforms to EN 61326-1, EN 61010-1, UL 61010-1 2nd edition, and CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04

Warranty and Service
Warranty and Service		3-year warranty; calibration recommended annually.

SDA 735Zi

Vertical System
Analog Bandwidth @ 50 Ω (-3 dB)		3.5 GHz
Rise Time (typical)		120 ps
Input Channels		4
Bandwidth Limiters		20 MHz, 200 MHz
Input Impedance		50 Ω or 1 MΩ\|\|15pF, 10 MΩ \|\| 11 pF with supplied Probe
Input Coupling		1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND; 50 Ω: DC, GND
Maximum Input Voltage		50 Ω: �5 Vrms
Channel-Channel Isolation ProLink Input		Not Applicable
Channel to Channel Isolation ProBus Input		> 100:1 up to 2.5 GHz, > 30:1 from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz
Vertical Resolution		8 bits; up to 11 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
Sensitivity		50 O: 2 mV�1 V/div, fully variable (2-9.99 mV/div via zoom); 1 MO: 2 mV�10 V/div, fully variable
DC Gain Accuracy		�1.5% of full scale
Offset Range		50 Ω:
Offset Accuracy		�(1.5% of full scale + 1.0% of offset value + 1 mV)

Horizontal System
Timebases		Internal timebase common to 4 input channels; an external clock may be applied at the auxiliary input
Time/Division Range		20 ps/div�1000 s/div (RIS mode: 20 ps/div - 10 ns/div; Roll mode: up to 1000 s/div)
Clock Accuracy		< 1 ppm
Jitter Noise Floor		800 fs (typical)
Trigger and Interpolator Jitter		2 psrms (typical)
Sample Rate and Delay Time Accuracy		< 0.06 / SR + (1 ppm * Reading) (rms)
Channel-Channel Deskew Range		�9 x time/div. setting, 100 ms max., each channel
External Timebase Reference (Input)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, applied at the rear input
External Timebase Reference (Output)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, output at the rear
External Sample Clock		0.1 Hz-100 MHz, 50 Ω or 1 MΩ impedance, applied at the auxiliary input

Acquisition System
Single-Shot Sample Rate/Ch		40 GS/s on 2 Ch
Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS)		200 GS/s for repetitive signals (20 ps/div to 10 ns/div)
Maximum Trigger Rate		1,000,000 waveforms/second (in Sequence Mode, up to 4 channels)
Intersegment Time		1 μs
Standard Memory (4 Ch / 2 Ch) (Number of Segments)		20 M / 40 M
S - Memory Option		32 M / 64 M
M - Memory Option		64 M / 128 M
L - Memory Option		128 M / 256 M

Acquisition Processing
Averaging		Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
Enhanced Resolution (ERES)		From 8.5 to 11 bits vertical resolution
Envelope (Extrema)		Envelope, floor, or roof for up to 1 million sweeps
Interpolation		Linear or Sin x/x

Triggering System
Modes		Normal, Auto, Single, and Stop
Sources		Any input channel, Aux, Aux/10, or line; slope and level unique to each source (except line trigger)
Coupling Mode		DC, AC, HFRej, LFRej
Pre-trigger Delay		0�100% of memory size (adjustable in 1% increments of 100 ns)
Post-trigger Delay		0�10,000 divisions in real time mode, limited at slower time/div settings or in roll mode
Hold-off by Time or Events		From 2 ns up to 20 s or from 1 to 99,999,999 events
Internal Trigger Range		�5 div from center
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProBus Inputs		2 div @ < 3.5 GHz
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProLink Inputs		Not Applicable
External Trigger Sensitivity		2 div @ < 1 GHz
External Trigger Input Range		Aux (�0.4 V); Aux/10 (�4 V)
Max. Trigger Frequency, SMART Trigger		2.0 GHz @ = 10 mV/div (minimum signal width setting 250 ps)

Basic Triggers
Edge/ Slope/ Line		Triggers when signal meets slope (positive, negative, or either) and level condition.
TV-Composite Video		Triggers NTSC or PAL with selectable line and field; HDTV (720p, 1080i, 1080p) with selectable frame rate (50 or 60 Hz) and Line; or CUSTOM with selectable Fields (1-8), Lines (up to 2000), Frame Rates (25, 30, 50, or 60 Hz), Interlacing (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1), or Synch Pulse Slope (Positive or Negative).

SMART Triggers
State or Edge Qualified		Triggers on any input source only if a defined state or edge occurred on another input source. Delay between sources is selectable by time or events.
Dropout		Triggers if signal drops out for longer than selected time between 1 ns and 20 s.
Pattern		Logic combination (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) of 5 inputs (4 channels and external trigger input). Each source can be high, low, or don�t care. The High and Low level can be selected independently. Triggers at start or end of the pattern.

SMART Triggers with Exclusion Technology
Glitch		Triggers on positive or negative glitches with widths selectable as low as 500 ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Width (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on positive or negative widths with widths selectable as low as 200ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Interval (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on intervals selectable between 1 ns and 20 s.
Timeout (State/Edge Qualified)		Triggers on any source if a given state (or transition edge) has occurred on another source.
Runt		Trigger on positive or negative runts defined by two voltage limits and two time limits. Select between 1 ns and 20 ns.
Slew Rate		Trigger on edge rates. Select limits for dV, dt, and slope. Select edge limits between 1 ns and 20 ns.
"A" Trigger List		Edge, Window, Width, Glitch, Pattern, Pattern State, State, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, Serial Data (optional I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay)
"B" Trigger List		Edge
Exclusion Triggering		Trigger on intermittent faults by specifying the expected behavior and triggering when that condition is not met
Holdoff Between Sequential Triggers		Arming = Serial & Triggering = Anything, then min. time between events defined by serial pattern length

Cascade (Sequence) Triggering
Capability		Arm on �A� event, then Trigger on �B� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� event, and Trigger on �C� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� then �C� event, and Trigger on �D� event
Types		A or B event: Edge, Glitch, Width, Window, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, or Pattern (analog) C or D event: Edge or Pattern
Holdoff		Delay between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable by time or number of events
Reset		Reset between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable in time

High Speed Serial Protocol Triggering
Data Rates		100 Mb/s - 1.25 Gb/s
Pattern Length		80 bits, NRZ or 8b10b
Clock and Data Outputs		400mVp-p (typical) AC coupled
Clock Recovery Jitter		2 ps rms + 0.3% Unit Interval rms for PRBS data patterns with 50% transition density (Typical)
Clock Recovery Tracking/ Acquisition Range		50 Mb/s - 1.25 Gb/s
Hardware Clock Recovery Loop BW		PLL Loop BW = Fbaud/5500, 100 Mb/s to 1.25 Gb/s (Typical)

Low Speed Serial Protocol Triggering (Optional)
Optionally available		I²C, SPI (SPI, SSPI, SIOP), UART-RS232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay

Color Waveform Display
Type		Color 15.3" flat panel TFT-Active Matrix LCD with high resolution touch screen
Resolution		WXGA; 1280 x 768 pixels
Number of traces		Display a maximum of 8 traces. Simultaneously display channel, zoom, memory and math traces.
Grid Styles		Auto, Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, X-Y, Single+X-Y, Dual+X-Y
Waveform Representation		Sample dots joined, or sample dots only

Internal Waveform Memory
Internal Waveform Memory		4 active waveform memory traces (M1-M4) store 16 bit/point full length waveforms. Waveforms can be stored to any number of files limited only by the data storage media capacity.

WaveStream� Fast Viewing Mode
Intensity		256 Intensity Levels, 1�100% adjustable via front panel control
Number of Channels		up to 4 simultaneously
Max Sampling Rate		40 GS/s (20 GS/s for WavePro 710Zi without WPZi-1GHZ-4X20GS option)
Waveforms		up to 2500 Waveforms/ second

Automatic Setup
Auto Setup		Automatically sets timebase, trigger, and sensitivity to display a wide range of repetitive signals
Find Vertical Scale		Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channel to display a waveform with the maximum dynamic range

Probes
Probes		Qty. (4) �10 Passive Probes
Probe System: ProBus		Probus (and ProLink on 4-6 GHz models). Automatically detects and supports a variety of compatible probes
Scale Factors		Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used
Calibration Output		1kHz square wave, 1Vp-p (typical), output to probe hook

Analog Persistence Display
Analog and Color-Graded Persistence		Variable saturation levels; stores each trace�s persistence data in memory
Trace Selection		Activate persistence on all or any combination of traces
Sweep Display Modes		All accumulated, or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Persistence Types		Select analog, color, or three-dimensional
Persistence Aging		Select from 500 ms to infinity

Setup and Waveform Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status		Store to the internal hard drive or to a USB-connected peripheral device.

High Speed Digitizer Output (Option)
Type		LeCroy LSIB
Transfer Rate		Up to 325 MB/s (Typical)
Output Protocol		PCI Express, Gen 1 (4 lanes utilized for data transfer)
Control Protocol		TCP/IP
Command Set		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set

Processor/CPU
Type		Intel� CoreTM 2 Quad, 2.5 GHz (or better)
Processor Memory		4 GB standard, up to 8 GB optional
Operating System		Microsoft Windows� Vista Business Edition (64-bit) with SP1
Oscilloscope Operating Software		Entire instrument including any installed optional applications packages operates within a single (X-Stream) Windows application
Real Time Clock		Date and time displayed with waveform an in hardcopy files. SNTP support to synchronize to precision internal clocks.

Zoom Expansion Traces
Zoom Expansion Traces		Display up to 4 Zoom and 8 Math/Zoom traces

Interface
Remote Control		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set
GPIB Port (optional)		Supports IEEE � 488.2
LSIB Port (optional)		Supports PCIe Gen1 x4 protocol with LeCroy supplied API
USB Device Port (optional)		Type-B
Ethernet Port		Supports 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interface (RJ45 port)
USB Ports		minimum 6 total (incl. 3 front panel) USB 2.0 ports support Windows compatible devices
External Monitor Port		15-pin D-Type WXGA compatible to support customer-supplied external monitor. DVI connector to support LeCroy Zi-EXTDISP-15 additional touch screen display accessory. Includes support for extended desktop operation with optional LeCroy or other second monitor
Serial Port		2 standard
Peripheral Bus		LeCroy LBUS standard

Auxiliary Input
Signal Types		Select External Trigger
Coupling		50 Ω: DC; 1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND
Max. Input Voltage		50 Ω: 5 Vrms; 1 MΩ: 250 V (Peak AC < 10 kHz + DC)

Auxiliary Output
Signal Types		Select from calibrator, control signals or Off
Calibrator Signal		5 Hz�5 MHz square wave or DC level; 0.0 to 500 mV into 50 Ω (0�1 V into 1 MΩ)
Control Signals		Trigger enabled, trigger out, pass/fail status

General
Auto Calibration		Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.

Power Requirements
Voltage		100�240 VAC �10% at 45-66 Hz; 100-120 VAC �10% at 380-420 Hz; Automatic AC Voltage Selection
Max. Power Consumption		850 W/850 VA

Environmental and Safety
Temperature (Operating)		+5 �C to +40 �C including CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive
Temperature (Non-Operating)		�20 �C to +60 �C
Humidity (Operating)		5% to 80% relative humidity (non-condensing) up to +31 �C.
Humidity (Non-Operating)		5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
Altitude (Operating)		Up to 10,000 ft. (3048 m) at or below +25 �C
Altitude (Non-Operating)		Up to 40,000 ft. (12,192 m)
Random Vibration (Operating)		0.5 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Random Vibration (Non-Operating)		2.0 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Functional Shock		20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of three orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total

Physical Dimensions
Dimensions (HWD)		14"H x 18.4"W x 11.4"D (355 x 467 x 289 mm)
Weight		39.5 lbs. (18 kg)
Shipping Weight		28.2 kg; 62 lbs.

Certifications
Certifications		CE Compliant, UL and cUL listed; conforms to EN 61326-1, EN 61010-1, UL 61010-1 2nd edition, and CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04

Warranty and Service
Warranty and Service		3-year warranty; calibration recommended annually.

SDA 740Zi

Vertical System
Analog Bandwidth @ 50 Ω (-3 dB)		4 GHz
Rise Time (typical)		105 ps
Input Channels		4
Bandwidth Limiters		20 MHz, 200 MHz
Input Impedance		50 Ω or 1 MΩ\|\|15pF, 10 MΩ \|\| 11 pF with supplied Probe
Input Coupling		1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND; 50 Ω: DC, GND
Maximum Input Voltage		50 Ω (ProBus): �5 Vrms
Channel-Channel Isolation ProLink Input		> 200:1 up to 2 GHz, > 50:1 from 2 GHz to 4 GHz
Channel to Channel Isolation ProBus Input		> 100:1 up to 2.5 GHz, > 30:1 from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz
Vertical Resolution		8 bits; up to 11 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
Sensitivity		50 O: 2 mV�1 V/div, fully variable (2-9.99 mV/div via zoom); 1 MO: 2 mV�10 V/div, fully variable
DC Gain Accuracy		�1.5% of full scale
Offset Range		50 Ω:
Offset Accuracy		�(1.5% of full scale + 1.0% of offset value + 1 mV)

Horizontal System
Timebases		Internal timebase common to 4 input channels; an external clock may be applied at the auxiliary input
Time/Division Range		20 ps/div�1000 s/div (RIS mode: 20 ps/div - 10 ns/div; Roll mode: up to 1000 s/div)
Clock Accuracy		< 1 ppm
Jitter Noise Floor		750 fs (typical)
Trigger and Interpolator Jitter		1 psrms (typical)
Sample Rate and Delay Time Accuracy		< 0.06 / SR + (1 ppm * Reading) (rms)
Channel-Channel Deskew Range		�9 x time/div. setting, 100 ms max., each channel
External Timebase Reference (Input)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, applied at the rear input
External Timebase Reference (Output)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, output at the rear
External Sample Clock		0.1 Hz-100 MHz, 50 Ω or 1 MΩ impedance, applied at the auxiliary input

Acquisition System
Single-Shot Sample Rate/Ch		40 GS/s on 2 Ch
Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS)		200 GS/s for repetitive signals (20 ps/div to 10 ns/div)
Maximum Trigger Rate		1,000,000 waveforms/second (in Sequence Mode, up to 4 channels)
Intersegment Time		1 μs
Standard Memory (4 Ch / 2 Ch) (Number of Segments)		20 M / 40 M
S - Memory Option		32 M / 64 M
M - Memory Option		64 M / 128 M
L - Memory Option		128 M / 256 M

Acquisition Processing
Averaging		Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
Enhanced Resolution (ERES)		From 8.5 to 11 bits vertical resolution
Envelope (Extrema)		Envelope, floor, or roof for up to 1 million sweeps
Interpolation		Linear or Sin x/x

Triggering System
Modes		Normal, Auto, Single, and Stop
Sources		Any input channel, Aux, Aux/10, or line; slope and level unique to each source (except line trigger)
Coupling Mode		DC, AC, HFRej, LFRej
Pre-trigger Delay		0�100% of memory size (adjustable in 1% increments of 100 ns)
Post-trigger Delay		0�10,000 divisions in real time mode, limited at slower time/div settings or in roll mode
Hold-off by Time or Events		From 2 ns up to 20 s or from 1 to 99,999,999 events
Internal Trigger Range		�5 div from center
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProBus Inputs		2 div @ < 3.5 GHz
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProLink Inputs		2 div @ < 4 GHz
External Trigger Sensitivity		2 div @ < 1 GHz
External Trigger Input Range		Aux (�0.4 V); Aux/10 (�4 V)
Max. Trigger Frequency, SMART Trigger		2.0 GHz @ = 10 mV/div

Basic Triggers
Edge/ Slope/ Line		Triggers when signal meets slope (positive, negative, or either) and level condition.
TV-Composite Video		Triggers NTSC or PAL with selectable line and field; HDTV (720p, 1080i, 1080p) with selectable frame rate (50 or 60 Hz) and Line; or CUSTOM with selectable Fields (1-8), Lines (up to 2000), Frame Rates (25, 30, 50, or 60 Hz), Interlacing (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1), or Synch Pulse Slope (Positive or Negative).

SMART Triggers
State or Edge Qualified		Triggers on any input source only if a defined state or edge occurred on another input source. Delay between sources is selectable by time or events.
Dropout		Triggers if signal drops out for longer than selected time between 1 ns and 20 s.
Pattern		Logic combination (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) of 5 inputs (4 channels and external trigger input). Each source can be high, low, or don�t care. The High and Low level can be selected independently. Triggers at start or end of the pattern.

SMART Triggers with Exclusion Technology
Glitch		Triggers on positive or negative glitches with widths selectable as low as 500 ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Width (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on positive or negative widths with widths selectable as low as 200ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Interval (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on intervals selectable between 1 ns and 20 s.
Timeout (State/Edge Qualified)		Triggers on any source if a given state (or transition edge) has occurred on another source.
Runt		Trigger on positive or negative runts defined by two voltage limits and two time limits. Select between 1 ns and 20 ns.
Slew Rate		Trigger on edge rates. Select limits for dV, dt, and slope. Select edge limits between 1 ns and 20 ns.
"A" Trigger List		Edge, Window, Width, Glitch, Pattern, Pattern State, State, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, Serial Data (optional I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay)
"B" Trigger List		Edge
Exclusion Triggering		Trigger on intermittent faults by specifying the expected behavior and triggering when that condition is not met
Holdoff Between Sequential Triggers		Arming = Serial & Triggering = Anything, then min. time between events defined by serial pattern length

Cascade (Sequence) Triggering
Capability		Arm on �A� event, then Trigger on �B� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� event, and Trigger on �C� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� then �C� event, and Trigger on �D� event
Types		A or B event: Edge, Glitch, Width, Window, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, or Pattern (analog) C or D event: Edge or Pattern
Holdoff		Delay between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable by time or number of events
Reset		Reset between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable in time

High Speed Serial Protocol Triggering
Data Rates		100 Mb/s - 3.125 Gb/s
Pattern Length		80 bits, NRZ or 8b10b
Clock and Data Outputs		400mVp-p (typical) AC coupled
Clock Recovery Jitter		2 ps rms + 0.3% Unit Interval rms for PRBS data patterns with 50% transition density (Typical)
Clock Recovery Tracking/ Acquisition Range		50 Mb/s - 2.7 Gb/s
Hardware Clock Recovery Loop BW		PLL Loop BW = Fbaud/5500, 100 Mb/s to 1.25 Gb/s (Typical)

Low Speed Serial Protocol Triggering (Optional)
Optionally available		I2C, SPI (SPI, SSPI, SIOP), UART-RS232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay

Color Waveform Display
Type		Color 15.3" flat panel TFT-Active Matrix LCD with high resolution touch screen
Resolution		WXGA; 1280 x 768 pixels
Number of traces		Display a maximum of 8 traces. Simultaneously display channel, zoom, memory and math traces.
Grid Styles		Auto, Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, X-Y, Single+X-Y, Dual+X-Y
Waveform Representation		Sample dots joined, or sample dots only

Internal Waveform Memory
Internal Waveform Memory		4 active waveform memory traces (M1-M4) store 16 bit/point full length waveforms. Waveforms can be stored to any number of files limited only by the data storage media capacity.

WaveStream� Fast Viewing Mode
Intensity		256 Intensity Levels, 1�100% adjustable via front panel control
Number of Channels		up to 4 simultaneously
Max Sampling Rate		40 GS/s (20 GS/s for WavePro 710Zi without WPZi-1GHZ-4X20GS option)
Waveforms		up to 2500 Waveforms/ second

Automatic Setup
Auto Setup		Automatically sets timebase, trigger, and sensitivity to display a wide range of repetitive signals
Find Vertical Scale		Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channel to display a waveform with the maximum dynamic range

Probes
Probes		Qty. (4) �10 Passive Probes
Probe System: ProBus		Probus (and ProLink on 4-6 GHz models). Automatically detects and supports a variety of compatible probes
Scale Factors		Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used
Calibration Output		1kHz square wave, 1Vp-p (typical), output to probe hook

Analog Persistence Display
Analog and Color-Graded Persistence		Variable saturation levels; stores each trace�s persistence data in memory
Trace Selection		Activate persistence on all or any combination of traces
Sweep Display Modes		All accumulated, or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Persistence Types		Select analog, color, or three-dimensional
Persistence Aging		Select from 500 ms to infinity

Setup and Waveform Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status		Store to the internal hard drive or to a USB-connected peripheral device.

High Speed Digitizer Output (Option)
Type		LeCroy LSIB
Transfer Rate		Up to 325 MB/s (Typical)
Output Protocol		PCI Express, Gen 1 (4 lanes utilized for data transfer)
Control Protocol		TCP/IP
Command Set		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set

Processor/CPU
Type		Intel� CoreTM 2 Quad, 2.5 GHz (or better)
Processor Memory		4 GB standard, up to 8 GB optional
Operating System		Microsoft Windows� Vista Business Edition (64-bit) with SP1
Oscilloscope Operating Software		Entire instrument including any installed optional applications packages operates within a single (X-Stream) Windows application
Real Time Clock		Date and time displayed with waveform an in hardcopy files. SNTP support to synchronize to precision internal clocks.

Zoom Expansion Traces
Zoom Expansion Traces		Display up to 4 Zoom and 8 Math/Zoom traces

Interface
Remote Control		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set
GPIB Port (optional)		Supports IEEE � 488.2
LSIB Port (optional)		Supports PCIe Gen1 x4 protocol with LeCroy supplied API
USB Device Port (optional)		Type-B
Ethernet Port		Supports 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interface (RJ45 port)
USB Ports		minimum 6 total (incl. 3 front panel) USB 2.0 ports support Windows compatible devices
External Monitor Port		15-pin D-Type WXGA compatible to support customer-supplied external monitor. DVI connector to support LeCroy Zi-EXTDISP-15 additional touch screen display accessory. Includes support for extended desktop operation with optional LeCroy or other second monitor
Serial Port		2 standard
Peripheral Bus		LeCroy LBUS standard

Auxiliary Input
Signal Types		Select External Trigger
Coupling		50 Ω: DC; 1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND
Max. Input Voltage		50 Ω: 5 Vrms; 1 MΩ: 250 V (Peak AC < 10 kHz + DC)

Auxiliary Output
Signal Types		Select from calibrator, control signals or Off
Calibrator Signal		5 Hz�5 MHz square wave or DC level; 0.0 to 500 mV into 50 Ω (0�1 V into 1 MΩ)
Control Signals		Trigger enabled, trigger out, pass/fail status

General
Auto Calibration		Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.

Power Requirements
Voltage		100�240 VAC �10% at 45-66 Hz; 100-120 VAC �10% at 380-420 Hz; Automatic AC Voltage Selection
Max. Power Consumption		850 W/850 VA

Environmental and Safety
Temperature (Operating)		+5 �C to +40 �C including CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive
Temperature (Non-Operating)		�20 �C to +60 �C
Humidity (Operating)		5% to 80% relative humidity (non-condensing) up to +31 �C.
Humidity (Non-Operating)		5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
Altitude (Operating)		Up to 10,000 ft. (3048 m) at or below +25 �C
Altitude (Non-Operating)		Up to 40,000 ft. (12,192 m)
Random Vibration (Operating)		0.5 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Random Vibration (Non-Operating)		2.0 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Functional Shock		20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of three orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total

Physical Dimensions
Dimensions (HWD)		14"H x 18.4"W x 11.4"D (355 x 467 x 289 mm)
Weight		39.5 lbs. (18 kg)
Shipping Weight		28.2 kg; 62 lbs.

Certifications
Certifications		CE Compliant, UL and cUL listed; conforms to EN 61326-1, EN 61010-1, UL 61010-1 2nd edition, and CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04

Warranty and Service
Warranty and Service		3-year warranty; calibration recommended annually.

SDA 760Zi

Vertical System
Analog Bandwidth @ 50 Ω (-3 dB)		6 GHz
Rise Time (typical)		70 ps
Input Channels		4
Bandwidth Limiters		20 MHz, 200 MHz
Input Impedance		50 Ω or 1 MΩ\|\|15pF, 10 MΩ \|\| 11 pF with supplied Probe
Input Coupling		1 MΩ: AC, DC, GND; 50 Ω: DC, GND
Maximum Input Voltage		50 Ω (ProBus): �5 Vrms
Channel-Channel Isolation ProLink Input		> 200:1 up to 2 GHz, > 50:1 from 2 GHz to 4 GHz, > 20:1 from 4 GHz to 6 GHz
Channel to Channel Isolation ProBus Input		> 100:1 up to 2.5 GHz, > 30:1 from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz
Vertical Resolution		8 bits; up to 11 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
Sensitivity		50 Ω: 2 mV�1 V/div, fully variable (2-9.99 mV/div via zoom); 1 MΩ: 2 mV�10 V/div, fully variable
DC Gain Accuracy		�1.5% of full scale
Offset Range		50 Ω:
Offset Accuracy		�(1.5% of full scale + 1.0% of offset value + 1 mV)

Horizontal System
Timebases		Internal timebase common to 4 input channels; an external clock may be applied at the auxiliary input
Time/Division Range		20 ps/div�1000 s/div (RIS mode: 20 ps/div - 10 ns/div; Roll mode: up to 1000 s/div)
Clock Accuracy		< 1 ppm
Jitter Noise Floor		560 fs (typical)
Trigger and Interpolator Jitter		1 psrms (typical)
Sample Rate and Delay Time Accuracy		< 0.06 / SR + (1 ppm * Reading) (rms)
Channel-Channel Deskew Range		�9 x time/div. setting, 100 ms max., each channel
External Timebase Reference (Input)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, applied at the rear input
External Timebase Reference (Output)		10 MHz; 50 Ω impedance, output at the rear
External Sample Clock		0.1 Hz-100 MHz, 50 Ω or 1 MΩ impedance, applied at the auxiliary input

Acquisition System
Single-Shot Sample Rate/Ch		40 GS/s on 2 Ch
Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS)		200 GS/s for repetitive signals (20 ps/div to 10 ns/div)
Maximum Trigger Rate		1,000,000 waveforms/second (in Sequence Mode, up to 4 channels)
Intersegment Time		1 μs
Standard Memory (4 Ch / 2 Ch) (Number of Segments)		20 M / 40 M
S - Memory Option		32 M / 64 M
M - Memory Option		64 M / 128 M
L - Memory Option		128 M / 256 M

Acquisition Processing
Averaging		Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
Enhanced Resolution (ERES)		From 8.5 to 11 bits vertical resolution
Envelope (Extrema)		Envelope, floor, or roof for up to 1 million sweeps
Interpolation		Linear or Sin x/x

Triggering System
Modes		Normal, Auto, Single, and Stop
Sources		Any input channel, Aux, Aux/10, or line; slope and level unique to each source (except line trigger)
Coupling Mode		DC, AC, HFRej, LFRej
Pre-trigger Delay		0�100% of memory size (adjustable in 1% increments of 100 ns)
Post-trigger Delay		0�10,000 divisions in real time mode, limited at slower time/div settings or in roll mode
Hold-off by Time or Events		From 2 ns up to 20 s or from 1 to 99,999,999 events
Internal Trigger Range		�5 div from center
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProBus Inputs		2 div @ < 3.5 GHz
Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch 1�4) ProLink Inputs		2 div @ < 6 GHz
External Trigger Sensitivity		2 div @ < 1 GHz
External Trigger Input Range		Aux (�0.4 V); Aux/10 (�4 V)
Max. Trigger Frequency, SMART Trigger		2.0 GHz @ = 10 mV/div

Basic Triggers
Edge/ Slope/ Line		Triggers when signal meets slope (positive, negative, or either) and level condition.
TV-Composite Video		Triggers NTSC or PAL with selectable line and field; HDTV (720p, 1080i, 1080p) with selectable frame rate (50 or 60 Hz) and Line; or CUSTOM with selectable Fields (1-8), Lines (up to 2000), Frame Rates (25, 30, 50, or 60 Hz), Interlacing (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1), or Synch Pulse Slope (Positive or Negative).

SMART Triggers
State or Edge Qualified		Triggers on any input source only if a defined state or edge occurred on another input source. Delay between sources is selectable by time or events.
Dropout		Triggers if signal drops out for longer than selected time between 1 ns and 20 s.
Pattern		Logic combination (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) of 5 inputs (4 channels and external trigger input). Each source can be high, low, or don�t care. The High and Low level can be selected independently. Triggers at start or end of the pattern.

SMART Triggers with Exclusion Technology
Glitch		Triggers on positive or negative glitches with widths selectable as low as 500 ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Width (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on positive or negative widths with widths selectable as low as 200ps (depending on oscilloscope bandwidth) to 20 s, or on intermittent faults.
Interval (Signal or Pattern)		Triggers on intervals selectable between 1 ns and 20 s.
Timeout (State/Edge Qualified)		Triggers on any source if a given state (or transition edge) has occurred on another source.
Runt		Trigger on positive or negative runts defined by two voltage limits and two time limits. Select between 1 ns and 20 ns.
Slew Rate		Trigger on edge rates. Select limits for dV, dt, and slope. Select edge limits between 1 ns and 20 ns.
"A" Trigger List		Edge, Window, Width, Glitch, Pattern, Pattern State, State, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, Serial Data (optional I2C, SPI, UART/RS-232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay)
"B" Trigger List		Edge
Exclusion Triggering		Trigger on intermittent faults by specifying the expected behavior and triggering when that condition is not met
Holdoff Between Sequential Triggers		Arming = Serial & Triggering = Anything, then min. time between events defined by serial pattern length

Cascade (Sequence) Triggering
Capability		Arm on �A� event, then Trigger on �B� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� event, and Trigger on �C� event. Or Arm on �A� event, then Qualify on �B� then �C� event, and Trigger on �D� event
Types		A or B event: Edge, Glitch, Width, Window, Dropout, Interval, Runt, Slew Rate, or Pattern (analog) C or D event: Edge or Pattern
Holdoff		Delay between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable by time or number of events
Reset		Reset between A and B, B and C, C and D, are all selectable in time

High Speed Serial Protocol Triggering
Data Rates		100 Mb/s - 3.125 Gb/s
Pattern Length		80 bits, NRZ or 8b10b
Clock and Data Outputs		400mVp-p (typical) AC coupled
Clock Recovery Jitter		2 ps rms + 0.3% Unit Interval rms for PRBS data patterns with 50% transition density (Typical)
Clock Recovery Tracking/ Acquisition Range		50 Mb/s - 2.7 Gb/s
Hardware Clock Recovery Loop BW		PLL Loop BW = Fbaud/5500, 100 Mb/s to 1.25 Gb/s (Typical)

Low Speed Serial Protocol Triggering (Optional)
Optionally available		I2C, SPI (SPI, SSPI, SIOP), UART-RS232, CAN, LIN, FlexRay

Color Waveform Display
Type		Color 15.3" flat panel TFT-Active Matrix LCD with high resolution touch screen
Resolution		WXGA; 1280 x 768 pixels
Number of traces		Display a maximum of 8 traces. Simultaneously display channel, zoom, memory and math traces.
Grid Styles		Auto, Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, X-Y, Single+X-Y, Dual+X-Y
Waveform Representation		Sample dots joined, or sample dots only

Internal Waveform Memory
Internal Waveform Memory		4 active waveform memory traces (M1-M4) store 16 bit/point full length waveforms. Waveforms can be stored to any number of files limited only by the data storage media capacity.

WaveStream� Fast Viewing Mode
Intensity		256 Intensity Levels, 1�100% adjustable via front panel control
Number of Channels		up to 4 simultaneously
Max Sampling Rate		40 GS/s (20 GS/s for WavePro 710Zi without WPZi-1GHZ-4X20GS option)
Waveforms		up to 2500 Waveforms/ second

Automatic Setup
Auto Setup		Automatically sets timebase, trigger, and sensitivity to display a wide range of repetitive signals
Find Vertical Scale		Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channel to display a waveform with the maximum dynamic range

Probes
Probes		Qty. (4) �10 Passive Probes
Probe System: ProBus		Probus (and ProLink on 4-6 GHz models). Automatically detects and supports a variety of compatible probes
Scale Factors		Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used
Calibration Output		1kHz square wave, 1Vp-p (typical), output to probe hook

Analog Persistence Display
Analog and Color-Graded Persistence		Variable saturation levels; stores each trace�s persistence data in memory
Trace Selection		Activate persistence on all or any combination of traces
Sweep Display Modes		All accumulated, or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Persistence Types		Select analog, color, or three-dimensional
Persistence Aging		Select from 500 ms to infinity

Setup and Waveform Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status		Store to the internal hard drive or to a USB-connected peripheral device.

High Speed Digitizer Output (Option)
Type		LeCroy LSIB
Transfer Rate		Up to 325 MB/s (Typical)
Output Protocol		PCI Express, Gen 1 (4 lanes utilized for data transfer)
Control Protocol		TCP/IP
Command Set		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set

Processor/CPU
Type		Intel� CoreTM 2 Quad, 2.5 GHz (or better)
Processor Memory		4 GB standard, up to 8 GB optional
Operating System		Microsoft Windows� Vista Business Edition (64-bit) with SP1
Oscilloscope Operating Software		Entire instrument including any installed optional applications packages operates within a single (X-Stream) Windows application
Real Time Clock		Date and time displayed with waveform an in hardcopy files. SNTP support to synchronize to precision internal clocks.

Zoom Expansion Traces
Zoom Expansion Traces		Display up to 4 Zoom and 8 Math/Zoom traces

Interface
Remote Control		Via Windows Automation, or via LeCroy Remote Command Set
GPIB Port (optional)		Supports IEEE � 488.2
LSIB Port (optional)		Supports PCIe Gen1 x4 protocol with LeCroy supplied API
USB Device Port (optional)		Type-B
Ethernet Port		Supports 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interface (RJ45 port)
USB Ports		minimum 6 total (incl. 3 front panel) USB 2.0 ports support Windows compatible devices
External Monitor Port		15-pin D-Type WXGA compatible to support customer-supplied external monitor. DVI connector to support LeCroy Zi-EXTDISP-15 additional touch screen display accessory. Includes support for extended desktop operation with optional LeCroy or other second monitor
Serial Port		2 standard
Peripheral Bus		LeCroy LBUS standard

Auxiliary Input
Signal Types		Select External Trigger
Coupling		50 Ω: DC; 1 MO: AC, DC, GND
Max. Input Voltage		50 Ω: 5 Vrms; 1 MO: 250 V (Peak AC < 10 kHz + DC)

Auxiliary Output
Signal Types		Select from calibrator, control signals or Off
Calibrator Signal		5 Hz�5 MHz square wave or DC level; 0.0 to 500 mV into 50 Ω (0�1 V into 1 MΩ)
Control Signals		Trigger enabled, trigger out, pass/fail status

General
Auto Calibration		Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.

Power Requirements
Voltage		100�240 VAC �10% at 45-66 Hz; 100-120 VAC �10% at 380-420 Hz; Automatic AC Voltage Selection
Max. Power Consumption		850 W/850 VA

Environmental and Safety
Temperature (Operating)		+5 �C to +40 �C including CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive
Temperature (Non-Operating)		�20 �C to +60 �C
Humidity (Operating)		5% to 80% relative humidity (non-condensing) up to +31 �C.
Humidity (Non-Operating)		5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
Altitude (Operating)		Up to 10,000 ft. (3048 m) at or below +25 �C
Altitude (Non-Operating)		Up to 40,000 ft. (12,192 m)
Random Vibration (Operating)		0.5 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Random Vibration (Non-Operating)		2.0 grms overall level, 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 10 minutes in each of three orthogonal axes, 30 minutes total
Functional Shock		20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of three orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total

Physical Dimensions
Dimensions (HWD)		14"H x 18.4"W x 11.4"D (355 x 467 x 289 mm)
Weight		39.5 lbs. (18 kg)
Shipping Weight		28.2 kg; 62 lbs.

Certifications
Certifications		CE Compliant, UL and cUL listed; conforms to EN 61326-1, EN 61010-1, UL 61010-1 2nd edition, and CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04

Warranty and Service
Warranty and Service		3-year warranty; calibration recommended annually.

Memory Options
SDAZi-L-128	128 Mpt/Ch (256 Mpt/Ch Interleaved) Memory Option for SDA Zi
SDAZi-M-64	64 Mpt/Ch (128 Mpt/Ch Interleaved) Memory Option for SDA Zi. Includes an additional 4 GB of RAM (8 GB total)
SDAZi-S-32	32 Mpt/Ch (64 Mpt/Ch Interleaved) Memory Option for SDA Zi. Includes an additional 2 GB of RAM (4 GB total)
Serial Trigger and Decode
WPZi-FlexrayBus TD	FlexRay Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-FlexRayBus TDP	FlexRay Bus Trigger, Decode, and Physical Layer Test Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-I2Cbus TD	I2C Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-LINbus TD	LIN Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-SPIbus TD	SPI Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-UART-RS232bus TD	UART and RS232 Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
Serial Data Communications Testing Software
QPHY-ENET	QualiPHY Ethernet Application Software
QPHY-HDMI	QualiPHY Enabled HDMI Software Option (TF-HDMI-3.3V-QUADPAK required;WavePro 760Zi requires SDA II option)
QPHY-PCIe	PCIe Gen1 Compliance and Development Software
QPHY-SATA	QualiPHY Enabled SATA Software Option
QPHY-USB	USB Application Software Package
QPHY-UWB	WiMedia UWB Transmitter Measurement Software Option
General Purpose Software
WPZi-AORM	Advanced Optical Recording Measurement Package for WavePro Zi Series
WPZi-EMC	EMC Pulse Parameter Software Package for WavePro Zi Series
WPZi-EYEDRII	Eye Doctor II Advanced Signal Integrity Tools for WavePro 7 Zi Oscilloscopes, SDA 7 Zi Serial Data Analyzers, and DDA 7 Zi Disk Drive Analyzers
WPZi-SPECTRUM	Spectrum Analyzer and Advanced FFT Option for WavePro Zi Series
WPZi-XDEV	Developer's Tool Kit Option for WavePro Zi Series
Digital Filtering Software
WPZi-DFP2	Digital Filter Software Package for WavePro Zi Series
Data Storage Software
WPZi-DDM2	Disk Drive Measurements Software Package for WavePro Zi Series
Jitter Analysis Software
WPZi-JTA2	Jitter Timing and Analysis Software Package for WavePro Zi Series
CAN Bus Testing
WPZi-CANbus TD	CAN Bus Trigger & Decode Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
WPZi-CANbus TDM	CAN Bus Trigger, Decode, and Measure Option for WavePro Zi Series Oscilloscopes
Mixed Signal Test Solutions
MS-250	250 MHz Maximum Input Frequency, 18 Channels, 10 Mpts/ch Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Option
MS-500	500 MHz Maximum Input Frequency, 18 Channels, 50 Mpts/ch Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Option
MS-500-36	250 MHz Maximum Input Frequency, 36 Channels, 25 Mpts/ch Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Option
MSO-DLS-18	Digital Lead Set, D0-D17
MSO-DLS-36	Digital Lead Set, D18-D35
MSO-GND-EXTEND	MSO Ground Extenders
MSO-GND-LEAD	MSO Flying Ground Lead
MSO-LBUS	LeCroy Bus Cable
MSO-MICTOR	Mictor Cable, D0-D35
Communications Testing Fixtures
TF-DSQ	Probe Deskew and Calibration Fixture
TF-ENET-B	10/100/1000Base-T Compliance Test Fixture
TF-ET	Telecom Adaptor Kit 100Ω, 120Ω, 75Ω
TF-HDMI-3.3V-QUADPAK	HDMI Pull-Up Terminator Quad Pack � for Use with the Efficere ET-HDMI-TPS-S Test Fixture
TF-SATA-C	SATA Compliance Test Fixture (WavePro 7 Zi and WaveMaster 8 Zi class oscilloscopes require the SDA II software option; *20M memory required)
TF-SATA-C-Kit	SATA Compliance Test Kit (WavePro 7 Zi and WaveMaster 8 Zi class oscilloscopes require the SDA II software option; *20M memory required)
TF-USB-B	USB 2.0 Testing Compliance Test Fixture
Differential Amplifiers
DA1855A	DA1855A, 100 MHz Differential Amplifier with fast over drive recovery, calibrated offset, and selectable LP filters
DA1855A-PR2	2 Ch, 100 MHz Differential Amplifier with fast over drive recovery, calibrated offset, and selectable LP filters
DA1855A-PR2-RM	Rack mountable version of the DA1855A-PR2
Storage Devices
GPIB-2	GPIB Option for LeCroy oscilloscope. Half-height card with custom connector.
LSIB-1	High speed PCIe Gen1 x4 digitizer output for LeCroy oscilloscope. Half-height card with custom connector
WPZi-2-UPG-8GBRAM	Upgrade from 2 GB to 8 GB CPU RAM
WPZi-200GB-HD	Upgrade from standard size hard drive to 200 GB hard drive
WPZi-200GB-RHD-02	Additional 200 GB Hard Drive for WPZi. Includes Windows Vista OS, LeCroy oscilloscope software and critical scope operational file duplicates.
WPZi-4-UPG-8GBRAM	Upgrade from 4 GB to 8 GB CPU RAM
Miscellaneous Accessories
FRONT-COVER-1	Replacement Protective Front Cover for WavePro Zi Series
KYBD-1	Keyboard
LSIB-CABLE-3M	PCI Express x 4 3-meter cable with x4 cable connectors included
LSIB-CABLE-7M	PCI Express x 4 7-meter cable with x4 cable connectors include
LSIB-HOSTBOARD	PCI Express x4 Host Interface Board for desktop PC
LSIB-HOSTCARD	PCI Express x1 Express Card Host Interface for laptop Express Card slot
POUCH-1	Replacement Accessory Pouch
Rackmounts, Carts and Cases
OC1021	OC1021 scope cart is sturdy and mobile
OC1024	OC1024 scope cart is sturdy and mobile
RACKMOUNT-1	Rack-mount accessory for converting a WavePro Zi series oscilloscope to an 8U rack-mounted package
WPZi-HARDCASE	Hard carrying case for all WavePro Zi Series oscilloscopes
WPZi-SOFTCASE	Soft carrying case for all WavePro Zi Series oscilloscopes
Warranty & Calibration
WPZi-C5	Five Year NIST Calibration
WPZi-C5/MIL	Five Year MIL Calibration
WPZi-CC	NIST Traceable Calibration
WPZi-CCM	MIL STD Calibration
WPZi-CCMIL	MIL Std. Traceable Calibration
WPZi-EW	1 Year Extended Warranty
WPZi-EW2	2 Year Extended Warranty
WPZi-T5	Five Year Warranty & NIST Calibration
WPZi-T5/MIL	Five Year Warranty & MIL Calibration

Differential Probes
ADP300	High-Voltage Active Differential Probe
ADP305	High-Voltage Differential Probes From LeCroy
AP031	15 MHz Differential Probe
AP033	500 MHz Active Differential Probe
AP034	1 GHz Active Differential Probe
D300A-AT	WaveLink 4 GHz Differential Probe with Adjustable Tip Module
D310	WaveLink 3.5 GHz Differential probe module 2.5V
D320	WaveLink 3.5 GHz Differential probe module 5V
D350ST	WaveLink 4 GHz, 5 V Differential with Small Tip Module
D500PT	WaveLink 6 GHz Differential Positioner Mounted Tip Module
D600A-AT	WaveLink 7.5 GHz Differential Probe with Adjustable Tip Module
D600ST	WaveLink 7 GHz Differential Probe with Small Tip Module (includes D6000ST-SI, D600ST-QC, D600ST-SP)
D610	WaveLink 6 GHz Differential probe module 2.5V
D620	WaveLink 6 GHz Differential probe module 5V
Dx10-PT	Replacement Dx10-PT Tip with Qty. 4 Pogo Pin Tips and Qty. 2 Sockets
Dx20-PT	Replacement Dx20-PT Tip with Qty. 4 Pogo Pin Tips and Qty. 2 Sockets
WL-Pbus	WaveLink ProBus probe body = 3.5 GHz
WL-PLink	WaveLink ProLink probe body >3.5 GHz
WL300	WaveLink ProBus Probe Body
WL600	WaveLink ProLink Probe Body
Active Voltage Probes
HFP2500	2.5 GHz Active Voltage Probe
Current Probes
AP015	30 Amps, 50MHz BW Current Probe - AC/DC, 50 Amp Peak Pulse
CP030	30 Amps, 50 MHz BW Current Probe - AC/DC , 50 Amp Peak Pulse
CP031	30 Amps, 100 MHz BW Current Probe - AC/DC , 50 Amp Peak Pulse
CP150	150 Amps, 10 MHz BW Current Probe - AC/DC , 500 Amp Peak Pulse
CP500	500 Amps, 2 MHz BW Current Probe - AC/DC , 700 Amp Peak
High Voltage Probes
PPE1.2KV	10:1/100:1 200/300 MHz 5M Ohm/100M Ohm
PPE20KV	1000:1 100 MHz 100M Ohm High-Voltage Probe
PPE2KV	100:1 400 MHz 100M Ohm High Voltage Probe
PPE4KV	100:1 400 MHz 100M Ohm High-Voltage Probe
PPE5KV	100:1 400 MHz 100M Ohm High-Voltage Probe
PPE6KV	1000:1 400 MHz 5M Ohm High-Voltage Probe
Passive Probes
PP007-WR-1	Passive Probe, 500 MHz, 2.5mm tip
PP011-1	PP011 Passive Probe
ZS Series High Impedance Active Probes
ZS1000	1 GHz, 1 MΩ, 0.9 pF Active Probe
ZS1000-QUADPAK	Set of 4 ZS1000 Active Probes
ZS1500	1.5 GHz, 1 MΩ, 0.9 pF Active Probe
ZS1500-QUADPAK	Set of 4 ZS1500 Active Probes
Optical to Electrical Converters
OE425	Short wavelength O/E Converter (500-870 nm)
OE455	Long wavelength O/E Converter (950-1630 nm)
OE525	Short wavelength O/E Converter (500-870 nm)
OE555	Long wavelength O/E converter
Probe Adapters
LPA-SMA-A	Pro-Link to SMA Adapter, new style
LPA-SMA-KIT-A	Kit of Pro-Link to SMA Adapter, new style
Probe Parts and Kits
Dx10-QC	Replacement Quick Connect lead set for D310/D610
Dx10-SI	Replacement Solder tip lead set for D310/D610
Dx10-SP	Replacement Square Pin lead set for D310/D610
Dx20-QC	Replacement Quick Connect lead set for D320/D620
Dx20-SI	Replacement Solder tip lead set for D320/D620
Dx20-SP	Replacement Square Pin lead set for D320/D620

Datasheet
Learn more about SDA 7 Zi Series
Specifications
Videos & Demos
Software
Software Utilities and Firmware Downloads
Manuals
Application Notes
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Accessories
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